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|capital = Dublin |population = 3,000,000 |Ethnic Groups = 100% White |common_languages = English Irish |government_type = Devolved parliamentary legislature within constitutional monarchy |title_leader = Monarch |leader1 = George V |title_deputy = Chairman |deputy1 = Michael Collins |year_deputy1 = First |deputy2 = W.T. Cosgrave |year_deputy2 = Last |legislature = Parliamenta |house1 = Senate |house2 = House of Commons |event_start = Government of Ireland Act |date_start = 3 May |year_start = 1921 |event1 = Anglo-Irish Treaty |date_event1 = 6 December 1921 |event_end = Irish Free State Constitution |year_end = 1922 |date_end = 6 December |currency = Pound sterling |footnotes = a. A Council of Ireland was also envisaged with "a view to the eventual establishment of a Parliament for the whole of Ireland" ''(Source: GOI Act)'' |width = 265px }} Southern Ireland ((アイルランド語:Deisceart Éireann)) was the name given to the larger of the two parts of Ireland that were created when Ireland was partitioned under the Government of Ireland Act 1920. It comprised 26 of the 32 counties of Ireland or about five-sixths of the area of the island, whilst the remaining six counties in the northeast of the island formed Northern Ireland. The Act of 1920, which came into force on 3 May 1921, was intended to create two self-governing territories within Ireland, each with their own parliament and governmental institutions and both remaining within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It also contained provisions for co-operation between the two territories and for the eventual reunification of Ireland. However, in the 1921 elections for Southern Ireland's House of Commons, Sinn Féin candidates were returned unopposed in 124 of the 128 seats, and ignored the parliament, assembling instead as the Second Dáil. The "Parliament of Southern Ireland"—consisting of the four unionist members—met only once. Continuing unrest led to the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the Provisional Government which administered Southern Ireland from 16 January 1922 to 5 December 1922: effectively a transitional administration for the period between the ratifying of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the establishment of the Irish Free State. Its legitimacy was disputed by the Anti-Treaty delegates to Dáil Éireann. Southern Ireland, as a political entity, was superseded by the Irish Free State (which later became the independent state of Ireland) on 6 December 1922.〔Keane, Ronan, "Ireland", in 〕 ==Home Rule and Partition== The Government of Ireland Act 1920, also known as the Fourth Home Rule Act, was intended to provide a solution to the problem that had bedevilled Irish politics since the 1880s, namely the conflicting demands of Irish unionists and nationalists. Nationalists wanted a form of home rule, believing that Ireland was poorly served by the Government in Westminster and its Irish Dublin Castle administration. Unionists feared that a nationalist government in Dublin would discriminate against Protestants and would impose tariffs that would unduly hit the north-eastern counties of the province of Ulster, which were not only predominantly Protestant but also the only industrial area of a largely agricultural island. Unionists imported arms and assorted weapons from Germany and established the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) to prevent Home Rule in Ulster. In response to this, nationalists also imported arms and set up the Irish Volunteers. Partition, which was introduced by the Government of Ireland Act, was intended as a temporary solution, allowing Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland to be governed separately as regions of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. One of those most opposed to this partition settlement was the leader of Irish unionism, Dublin-born Sir Edward Carson, who felt that it was wrong to divide Ireland in two, and felt this would badly affect the position of southern and western unionists. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Southern Ireland (1921–22)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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